What Exactly Is Hard Water

Hard water is water that contains high amounts of Ca2 and/or Mg2. Sometimes Mn2 and other multivalent cations are included in the measure of hardness. Note water may contain minerals and yet not be considered hard, by this definition. Hard water occurs naturally under the condition where water percolates through calcium carbonates or magnesium carbonates, such as chalk or limestone. Evaluating How Hard Water Is According to the USGS, the hardness of water is determined based on the concentration of dissolved multivalent cations: soft water - 0 to 60 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as calcium carbonatemoderately hard water - 61 to 120 mg/Lhard water - 121 to 180 mg/Lvery hard water - more than 180 mg/L Hard Water Effects Both positive and negative effects of hard water are known: Hard water may offer health benefits as drinking water, compared with soft water. Drinking hard water and beverages made using hard water can contribute to dietary requirements for calcium and magnesium.Soap is a less effective cleaner in hard water. Hard water makes it harder to rinse soap, plus it forms a curd or soap scum. Detergent is also affected by the dissolved minerals in hard water, but not to the same extent as soap. More soap or detergent are required to clean clothes and other items using hard water compared with soft water. Hair washed in hard water may appear dull and feel stiff from residue. Clothes washed in hard water may develop a yellowish or gray discoloration and may feel stiff.Soap residue left on the skin from bathing in hard water can trap bacteria on the skin surface and disrupt the normal balance of microflora. Because the residue inhibits the ability of skin to return to its slightly acidic pH, irritation may occur.Hard water can leave behind water spots o n dishes, windows, and other surfaces.Minerals in hard water can deposit in pipes and on surfaces forming scale. This can clog pipes over time and decrease water heater efficiency. One positive aspect of scale is that it forms a barrier between pipes and water, limiting leaching of solder and metals into the water.The electrolytes in hard water can lead to galvanic corrosion, which is when one metal corrodes when in contact with another metal in the presence of ions. Temporary and Permanent Hard Water Temporary hardness is characterized by dissolved bicarbonate minerals (calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate) that yield calcium and magnesium cations (Ca2, Mg2) and carbonate and bicarbonate anions (CO32−, HCO3−). This type of water hardness may be reduced by adding calcium hydroxide to the water or by boiling it. Permanent hardness is generally associated with calcium sulfate and/or magnesium sulfates in the water, which will not precipitate when the water is boiled. Total permanent hardness is the sum of the calcium hardness plus the magnesium hardness. This type of hard water may be softened by using an ion exchange column or water softener.

Education Is More Important Today World Than Ever Before

Part 1- Introduction and Description of Program Education is more important in today’s world than ever before. In September of 2010, a new program was implemented across Ontario to give students a stronger start in school and life. This program is called Full day kindergarten, it was designed to help support early learning as well as contribute to Ontario’s long-term economic competitive advantaged. (edu.gov.com) George Vanier Catholic School has run this program since its implementation in 2010. Their full day kindergarten program is different from a regular full day since they are Catholic oriented. George Vanier mission is â€Å"Teach me Knowledge, Goodness, and Discipline.† The mission of program is to provide a variety of learning opportunities and experiences that are based on assessment information and the strengths, needs, and interests of the children. (J.R, 2014) It’s the collaboration between the catholic community of educational professionals, children and parents. (M.V, 2014) We work in partnership with the Parish and home to help our students develop into lifelong learners, who will be confident, interdependent members of the community, who will contribute to society by faith and serving God. Together, we are dedicated to helping children reach their potential and to respect diversity. (GeorgeVanier, 2014) Goals of the Catholic program are to strengthen faith by to teaching one of the 10 virtues each month. Full day learning is taught through inquiry, real lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Modern World1742 Words   |  7 Pagesthis life that everyone thirsts to grasp, and yet refuses to see how important it is? This element continues to be simply, knowledge. As an impressive human species we believe knowledge is the key to life. This is why throughout history so many have attempted to eradicate this fortunate part of our life. The Babylonians sabotaged the library of Assurbanipal in Nineveh, which was the first and finest known library of the ancient world, and it held the Epic of Gilgamesh as well as countless alternativeRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe impact that globalization provided to the world was a positive effect that expanded the influences from one country to another. Globalization is the process of international integration arising from th e interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Similarities on how national markets established themselves in other countries which increases not only international trade but also cultural exchange. This increases cultural trade because it gives countries the abilityRead MoreDr. Finely s Views On Educational Globalization1495 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted with Dr. David Finely. Dr. Finely is the International Education Director of all academic courses and academic staff in the 15 different international programs in local public schools for AMESON Education and Culture Exchange Foundation based in Nanjing, China. The purpose of the interview was to discuss Dr. Finely s professional views on educational globalization and the changes taking place in classrooms around the world. In this paper, Dr. Finely’s responses related to globalizationRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Field Of Nursing Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagesnow evolved to become an â€Å"art and a science.† The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact on the evolution of nursing, changes over the years and the implication on today’s nursing profession. To understand nursing and where it began, it is important to mention a key pioneer in nursing by the name of Florence Nightingale. She worked countlessly to improve the sanitary conditions in the hospital in the Crimean War in 1854. She not only changed the way people viewed nursing and the profession,Read MoreEducation Has Changed A Lot Over The Years1150 Words   |  5 Pages Education in America has changed a lot over the years. It has gone from having school for a selection of students held in the schoolmaster’s house, to every child going to school five days a week to a school building that can be anything from a small one story building to a large campus of school buildings. Current education in America can be considered very organized, and a large improvement. Education in the America’s past was very different than it is today, and has undergone many changes. BothRead MoreThe Future Progress Of The Human Mind919 Words   |  4 Pageschild has the opportunity to be educated. The heartbreaking fact is that there are still people in the world today who don’t have access to education. In â€Å"The Future Progress of the Human Mind,† Condorcet discusses and emphasizes the importance for equal access to education. Education is crucial and no matter who you are or where you come from, everyone should be entitled to an education. Education prepares individuals for the future that they fantasize about. An extremely common question most of usRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1412 Words   |  6 Pageshundreds of year dating back to the beginning of man to the ice age and today, and with that change came scientists who have been keeping track and gathering data on these changes in the climate. The climate is the source of life it provides a secure environment setting for life forms to thrive without a proper climatic setting life would begin to dwindle and eventually all life forms would go extinct. But why is the climate so important moreover exactly what is it that poses a threat to all life formsRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Singapore1259 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization has and will continue to have a vast impact on Singapore as a Nation and on its identity and culture. In order to deal with these changes, Character and Citizenship Education (CCE) will increasingly become more important in the changing landscape of education in Singapore. Globalization is both a cultural and economic phenomenon that has been defined as â€Å"a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by internationalRead More My Philosophy of Education Essay851 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education The obstacle of finding a career is something we are all faced with at one time or another. Fortunately for me, I found this decision to be a very easy one, because I have a love for teaching. The decision of my career was clear. I was going to become a teacher. The nature of students, or at least most students, is to learn and master problem-solving abilities in order to be a successful adult. I believe the student’s nature is ever changing, therefore, in thatRead MoreAmerican Public Education Essays1553 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Education Today, education enables us to enlarge our knowledge and open doors for opportunities to the path of having a good future. In the five readings, each written by a different author, there was a lesson learned and something to take away from each one. Reading through the passages by Mann, Moore, Malcolm X, Gatto, Rose, and Anyon, each author contributed his or her point of view on general public education. This topic can be very argumentative depending on the quality of education people

Management Communications with Technology Tools Free Essays

Managing organizational change and improvement is one of the most complex tasks of leadership. Leaders need to understand the change process in order to lead and manage change and improvement efforts effectively. Leaders must learn to overcome barriers and cope with the chaos that naturally exists during the complex process of change. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Communications with Technology Tools or any similar topic only for you Order Now Managers and other organizational leaders should assist workers and other stakeholders build effective teams by developing new organizational structures and creating a shared vision that focuses on mission accomplishment and developing new organizational structures and creating a shared vision that focuses on mission accomplishment and attainable objectives. When such inspired and informed leadership is applied, organizations can improve performance. As noted by Harrison (1993) use of the process-oriented approach to managerial decision making with its strong managerial emphasis and its objectives-oriented outcomes is the model recommended for decisions with discernible levels of uncertainty attendant on the outcome. Such decisions include those made at middle and upper levels of management both in the private and the public sectors where the consequences are of high levels of significance to the total organization. Included in this category are all decisions of a strategic nature and those involving appreciable commitments of resources directed towards the long-term enhancement of the corporation or institution. â€Å"The process model is ideal for these kinds of decision because it is forward looking in that it has a planning emphasis not apparent in the other models of decision making. The process model is oriented towards innovation and organizational change with a particular emphasis on long-term results. It relies principally on the judgment of the decision maker, but not to the exclusion of computation or compromise to fit special decision-making situations† (Harrison, 1993). According to Alexa Michael (2009) â€Å"a company needs accurate, reliable and timely information on performance, which must flow up through an organization regularly. It should be simple, easy to measure and focused on the long term†. One solution for managing organizational change and improvement according to David Blanchard (2009) â€Å"is developing a set of highly descriptive key performance indicators (KPIs) that include precise times, quantities and other numerical measurements so that everyone is on the same page about what it will take to achieve acceptable on-time, accurate and cost-effective performance levels†. Using a range of KPIs that include financial and non-financial measures to gauge how successful the business is in achieving its goals will improve its performance. The KPIs should be simple, easy to measure and focused on the long term. A company also needs to address the issue of cash-flow management. Managing cash-flow variability tops the agenda for most companies. â€Å"Identifying and fixing friction points that hinder operating capital as it flows across the balance sheet from inventory and payables to accounts receivable† (Driscoll, 2009) is an organizational change critical to a company’s long-term viability. Another organizational change for improvement is the idea of Lean Performance Improvement. Successful lean performance improvement initiatives have front-line workers generating, processing and implementing ideas. Using the high-performance idea system front-line employees drive the lean improvement process with regular and ongoing engagement with daily problems and opportunities. With successful organizational change a company can use this process-focused approach to build their own lean culture. Harrison (1993) tells us that â€Å"the components of the decision-making process for the process model are the functions of decision making which include setting managerial objectives, searching for alternatives, comparing and evaluating alternatives, the act of choice, implementing the decision, and following up and controlling the decision. The process model with its managerial emphasis drawing selectively on the disciplines of economics, mathematics, statistics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, political science, anthropology and law. The process model’s objective-oriented outcome approach best allows for successful adaptation of organizational change leading to long-term success†. The implementation strategy for the organizational change that includes the introduction of key performance indicators (KPIs), lean performance initiatives and cash-flow management will be both top-down and bottom-up. Clear communication that brings employees of all levels on board with the changes being made and how it affects them and the future of their company and job must be made. Ensuring that all stakeholders understand that they have a say in the success of their company and therefore increased success for themselves is paramount. The KPIs will be both financial and non-financial. KPIs will be used to monitor factors that are known to create value within the business. KPIs will help ensure that the following things are in place, â€Å"products and services that are attractive to consumers both now and in the future, clear objectives that are communicated properly to the workforce, desires for continuous improvement, useful management information and effective financial control, efficient services and distribution, good, well-informed managers, and regulatory compliance with minimum disruption to organizational routines† (Michael, 2009). Developing and using a checklist to monitor and asses these key performance indicators will be done. The checklist will be a series of questions that properly answered will help determine whether or not the company is getting value from their business and will eliminate a problem identified by Roger Chevalier (2009) in his article about analyzing performance where part of the problem with the performance was that â€Å"expectations for performance are unclear†. Answering the questions yes or no for both now and in the future will help look at the factors that can improve or destroy the value of the business. Questions such as, â€Å"spreading your buying/selling contracts too widely over time, hostage to one or two buying/selling contracts or customers/suppliers, sure your purchase/sales order books are firm and go forward far enough, buying/selling on a growing/declining trend in real terms, buying/selling any products at a loss, using cross-selling and up-selling techniques to improve sales, monitoring whether your purchases arrive on time and are of the right quality to meet your manufacturing schedules, satisfied that your suppliers’ terms, and your own terms to customers, are competitive, aware of the financial implications of your pricing policy, loyal to good customers/suppliers, scheduling orders to obtain better terms, developing your competitive position, fostering your company’s reputation and brand values, developing your business processes to create more value, enhancing staff skills to improve your competitive advantage† (Michael, 2009). Another strategy to implement that overlaps with the key performance indicators will be the lean performance improvement initiatives. â€Å"A successful lean implementation will result in various operational and financial improvements. Operational improvements include higher quality and productivity as well as lower nonproductive capacity and lead times. Some financial improvements realized from a successful lean implementation include increased cash flows, lower inventory levels, and lower costs† (Searcy, 2009). Successful lean performance improvement initiatives generate significant front-line involvement in identifying and implementing opportunities for improvement. As noted by Robinson and Schroeder (2009) in these initiatives ideas are integrated into everyday work, the emphasis is on small ideas, front-line performance metrics focus ideas on what is important, and both managers and workers are held accountable for their roles in the idea process. The strategy for implementing change with regard to the issue of cash-flow management will focus on forecasting as the key activity to improve. The forecasting of cash outflows and cash inflows both need to be accurate. According to Mary Driscoll (2009) â€Å"the bent of the typical finance function which tends to be accounting-oriented, concentrated on the accurate recording of journal entries and the consolidation of data from across the enterprise for statutory and management reporting†. Also according to the article by Driscoll (2009) â€Å"the key to cash-flow forecasting was more accurate demand forecasts†. Consideration of successful measurement techniques with the key performance indicators (KPIs) will be whether or not the business added value. Use the KPIs to ensure that the selling price covers costs of production and promotion. Use the KPIs to help the business work more closely with customers and suppliers to ensure a competitive advantage (Michael, 2009). Successful measurement of the lean performance improvement initiatives can be achieved by measuring employee morale and productivity. â€Å"Pyromation decided to integrate problem-identification and idea-generation into the regular work of front-line employees. Idea boards were set up, supervisors were trained in idea-meeting facilitation, and weekly shop-floor idea meetings were scheduled. In this way, front-line workers were given the opportunity to use the tools and techniques of lean production that they had been taught. The resulting stream of improvement ideas made an enormous difference. In two years, productivity increased by a third, lead-time was cut by 60 percent, and late deliveries were reduced by 70 percent† (Robinson and Schroeder, 2009). Successful measurement of the strategy for implementing change to cash-flow management will result in ensuring that â€Å"all managers understand that, in addition to the importance of earning a return on investments, the company needs steady cash flow to support operations and our credit position† (Driscoll, 2009). Ensuring the accuracy of cash in-flow estimates will require greater cooperation between management in getting speedy and precise analyses regarding booked sales that can be counted on as income and asking about sales pipelines, pricing, marketing effectiveness and channel viability. The internal revenue growth assumptions will need to be examined closely to ensure accuracy. If the internal numbers do not match industry outlooks the companies position will need to be reevaluated to ensure that it is not taking on a risky position. Managing organizational change and improvement requires leaders themselves to change. The leaders will have to bring in all stakeholders within the company into the management process. The leaders that overcome the barriers that traditional leadership throughout industry has always had in place will succeed in developing new organizational structures that create a shared vision focusing on the mission of the business. The shared vision in turn will improve the performance of the business which in turn increases the viability of the business. Working with the process model today’s leadership can eliminate the old management style of top-down leadership that did not value or effectively utilize the experience and front-line vision of its front-line employees. The process model can also be effectively used within the upper management as they improve the cash flow management of the business. Going beyond the traditional role of the accounting office and interacting with management from sales and production will enable cash flow analysis that carefully examines cash in-flow as well as cash out-flow creating a more solid financial picture of the business. This enhanced view of the balance ledger will enable the business to be better protected financially during turbulent business cycles. Identifying Key Metrics in Performance Measurement of Organizational Change ultimately involves more than just examining numbers on a data sheet. Those kinds of metrics, numbers on a data sheet, are valuable, but only within the context of the environment that they come from. The metrics that measure the human element are still the most important. The key performance indicators (KPIs), the lean performance improvement initiatives and the cash flow analysis all still require the human element to be useful. How to cite Management Communications with Technology Tools, Essay examples

How Does the Brain Perceive Essay Example For Students

How Does the Brain Perceive Essay How does a human hear? When an object makes a noise, it sends vibrations (betterknown as sound waves) speeding through the air. These vibrations are then funneled intoyour ear canal by your outer ear. As the vibrations move into your middle ear, they hityour eardrum and cause it to vibrate as well. This sets off a chain reaction of vibrations. Your eardrum, which is smaller and thinner than the nail on your pinky finger, vibratesthe three smallest bones in your body: first, the hammer, then the anvil, and finally, thestirrup. The stirrup passes the vibrations into a coiled tube in the inner ear called thecochlea. The fluid-filled cochlea contains thousands of hair-like nerve endings calledcilia. When the stirrup causes the fluid in the cochlea to vibrate, the cilia move. The ciliachange the vibrations into messages that are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. Theauditory nerve carries messages from 25,000 receptors in your ear to your brain. Yourbrain then makes sense of the messages and tells you what sounds you are hearing. While you are sitting in the meadow, you might hear a calm breeze,some beesbuzzing around and maybe some birds chirping. The wind rustles through grass andcreates sound waves. Your ears collect these sound waves and causes your eardrum toalso vibrate. The eardrum the makes your hammer, anvil, and stirrup. The stirrupsvibrations move the liquid in your inner ear and the cilia translate those vibrations intosomething the brain can understand. The brain processes the messages and realizes thatyou are hearing a calm breeze. The same thing would happen if you heard a bee buzzingaround, except the different sound waves that it makes would cause the ear to process amessage that would tell the brain that it is hearing a bee. Likewise for the birds, unless ofcourse its a bird you have never heard before, but we will assume you have. Since wehave experienced these sensations before, its like the noise comes in, its processed andmatched up to see if we have ever heard anything like it before. I ts sort of like pullingopen a filing cabinet and looking for something. What happens if we have never heard a sound before. Lets say while you were inthe meadow and you heard some hideous shrieking noise. You think to yourself, â€Å"What’sthat?† You would probably have to use your other senses to establish exactly what wasmaking the noise, but after that your mind knows what that particular sound represents. Using the filing cabinet analogy again, it would be just like adding another folder. How does our body feel? Our body feels by getting messages from receptors inour skin. But its not the same for all sensations. For touch and pressure, the skin receptorsget pressed on the transmit a signal to the medulla and the thalamus, then it goes to thesensory cortex into the parietal lobe of the brain then the brain translates it into a conceptthat it can understand. By the characteristics in the signal the brain can tell the differencebetween a feather in our palm to being tackled by a lineman. If the sensation is a heat, orlack there of, is passed directly to the thalamus and then to the reticular formation. Mytheory on why it does that is that a change in outside temperature could change our inner-body temperature, thus unbalancing our homeostasis. But no matter whether its pressureor temperature, if the sensation is painful our body reacts completely differently. If thereis an instance of pain the brain tells the body to do something to stop it, fast. .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da , .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da .postImageUrl , .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da , .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da:hover , .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da:visited , .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da:active { border:0!important; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da:active , .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u93117872f7e0aab3e5bdb4aba9e348da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ralegh, Sir Walter- Death In Poems EssayWhile we are laying in the meadow on a mid-June day our skin senses are verybusy. Since it is sunny and in June, I am assuming that it is warm if not hot. Our skinfeels the suns rays burning our delicate skin. It picks up a warmer feeling than when wewere in our car with the AC on. It sends a signal to the brain, via the thalamus to thereticular formation, that it warm out here. Not only that but you are laying on the ground. By laying on the ground you are putting pressure on your backside. Your skin can feel thedifference, the side of you facing up is not feeling this pressure. Let’s